MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATION OF CALCIUM-CARBONATE PARTICLES - VALIDATION OF AN ELECTRONIC ANTI-FOULING TECHNOLOGY

It is hypothesized that an electronic anti-fouling (EAF) technology pr ecipitates dissolved mineral ions through solenoid-induced molecular a gitation. In order to investigate the hypothesis of the EAF technology , the present study conducted microscopic observation of calcium carbo nate crystallization process from both untreated and treated water sam ples by the EAF technology as the water samples underwent drying proce ss, The untreated water sample showed a large number of small crystals within a range from 1 mu m to 10 mu m in diameter, whereas the treate d water sample by EAF technology showed large crystals ranging from 10 mu m to 20 mu m in diameter. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.