Psychosocial adaptation of middle childhood boys with hypospadias after genital surgery

Objective: To compare the psychosocial adaptation of boys with hypospadias after genital surgery to a community sample. Methods: Boys (6 to 10 years) with a history of hypospadias repair (n = 175 ) were compared with a community sample (n = 333) in a postal questionnaire survey using the Child Behavior Checklist. Results: Few significant differences between cases and controls emerged. Bo ys with hypospadias were (slightly) lower in social involvement but did not perform more poorly in school. Boys with hypospadias displayed fewer exter nalizing behavior problems than controls, but a significant difference in n octurnal enuresis was not detected. Level of behavior problems did not diff erentiate hypospadias severity subgroups, but greater surgical and hospital ization experiences were associated with increased internalizing problems. Poorer cosmetic appearance of the genitals was associated with worse school performance. Conclusions: Surgically corrected hypospadias should not be considered a ri sk factor for poor psychosocial adaptation in childhood, but emotional prob lems increase with the number of hospital-related experiences.