The HIV/AIDS pandemic is spreading at an alarmingly high rate in Africa. Le
ishmaniasis is also highly prevalent in the continent. Despite the emergenc
e of Leishmania/HIV co-infection in Africa, the numbers reported are dispro
portionately low. Moreover, the number of cases of co-infection is expected
to rise in Africa owing to the simultaneous spread of the two infectious d
iseases and their increasingly overlapping geographical distribution.