Accumulation of the Wnt pathway effector beta -catenin is a hallmark of a n
umber of cancers, including colon cancer. As beta -catenin accumulates in t
he cell, it forms a complex with Tcf family transcription factors and activ
ates the transcription of several critical genes involved in cell prolifera
tion. Because Tcf4 is the predominant Tcf factor present in colon cancer ce
lls, drugs that specifically disrupt the beta -catenin-Tcf4 complex could b
e useful in treating colon cancers. Earlier structural and biochemical stud
ies demonstrated that the central region of the beta -catenin binding domai
n of Tcf is essential for anchoring Tcf to beta -catenin Wa two conserved l
ysines in beta -catenin (called the charged 'buttons'). Here we report the
crystal structure of a beta -catenin-Tcf4 complex at 2.0 Angstrom resolutio
n. Our structural and mutagenesis studies show that Tcf4 docks specifically
to beta -catenin using several distinct conformations in its essential cen
tral region. These conformations allow different glutamate residues in the
central region of Tcf4 to form a salt bridge with the same critical charged
button, Lys 312 of beta -catenin. We propose that this interaction may be
the first event in beta -catenin-Tcf4 recognition.