P. Kovacs et al., Non-specific caspase inhibition reduces infarct size and improves post-ischaemic recovery in isolated ischaemic/reperfused rat hearts, N-S ARCH PH, 364(6), 2001, pp. 501-507
Myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion lead to myocardial cell death due, at
least in part, to apoptotic mechanisms. Although cysteinyl aspartate-specif
ic proteinase (caspase) activation is a major event and the most-cited culp
rit in the development of apoptosis, its potential contribution to ischaemi
c myocardial cell death is largely unknown. To study the role of caspase ac
tivation, isolated rat hearts (n = 6 per group) were subjected to 30 min co
ronary artery occlusion followed by 120 min reperfusion. A non-selective [0
.1 or 0.5 muM acetyl-Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp chloromethylketone (YVAD-cmk)] or sele
ctive caspase inhibitors [0.07 or 0.2 muM acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-cmk (Ac-DE
VD-cmk, caspase-3 inhibitor); 0.07 or 0.2 muM benzoxycarbonyl-Leu-Glu-OMe-H
is-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethyl- ketone (z-LEHD-fmk, caspase-9 inhibitor)] were ad
ded to the perfusate at the start of reperfusion. Non-selective caspase inh
ibition with 0.1 or 0.5 muM YVAD-cmk limited in-farct size: (21 +/- 4%, P <
0.05; 17 +/- 3%, P < 0.05, respectively) compared with the ischaemic/reper
fused control (32 +/- 5%). In hearts treated with 0.1 or 0.5 muM caspase II
non-selective inhibitor, the fraction of terminal-deoxynucleotidyl-transfe
rase deoxyuridine nick end labelling (TUNEL)-positive myocyte nuclei in the
infarcted zone was reduced from the ischaemic/reperfused non-treated contr
ol of 11.2 +/- 2.1% to 6.2 +/- 1.6% (P < 0.05) and 1.2 +/- 0.2% (P < 0.05),
respectively. The recovery of post-ischaemic cardiac function (coronary fl
ow, aortic flow and left-ventricular developed pressure) improved significa
ntly with the application of the non-selective caspase inhibitor as well. I
n hearts perfused with specific caspase inhibitors (caspase-3 and caspase-9
) there was no significant reduction in the infarct size, no improvement in
post-ischaemic cardiac function and no reduction of apoptotic cell death.
We conclude that non-specific inhibition of caspases may be therapeutically
beneficial in myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion-induced damage, while selec
tive caspase inhibitors may fail to prevent such reperfusion-induced injury
in our model system.