Free-space optical interconnection modules for two-dimensional photonic very large scale integration circuitry based on microlenses and gradient-refractive-index lenses

We present different configurations for a compact free-space optical interc onnection module by combining two radial gradient-refractive-index lenses a nd/or two arrays of refractive microlenses. Based on our findings with ray tracing and radiometric analysis, we discuss how we have selected the prope r optical system configurations and how we have chosen the different design parameters to optimally accommodate different types of optoelectronic emit ters such as LEDs, microcavity LEDs, and vertical-cavity surface-emitting l asers. We focused on maximizing optical coupling efficiencies and misalignm ent tolerances while minimizing interchannel crosstalk. (C) 2001 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.