We show that the Eckhaus instability induced by spatial nonuniformities, ob
served in hydrodynamics, can also destabilize optical systems. On the examp
le of a one-dimensional parametric system (a modulated multimode laser), we
show numerically that the nonuniformities select a wave number outside the
Eckhaus-stable band, leading to periodic or irregular phase slips. The ins
tability is confirmed experimentally by using a modulated fiber laser.