It is known in density-functional theory that the noninteracting kinetic-en
ergy density functional T-s[rho] is not first-degree homogeneous in density
scaling. However, it is shown here that, for every particle number N, ther
e is an N-particle noninteracting kinetic-energy density functional T-N[rho
], that is, a density functional that gives the noninteracting kinetic ener
gy for N-particle densities, which is of first-degree homogeneity in the de
nsity rho((r) over bar). This gives a powerful tool, a strong requirement,
for constructing such functionals. A systematic procedure to obtain the rea
l part of T-N[rho], the full T-N[rho] in one-dimension, for each N is also
proposed, It is pointed out, further, that in the Euler-Lagrange equations
that determine the one-particle orbitals that define T-s[rho], the Lagrange
multiplier that forces the orbitals to yield rho((r) over bar) is not othe
r than the first derivative of T-s[rho], deltaT(s)[rho]/delta rho((r) over
bar), which yields a natural derivation of the Kohn-Sham equations. Utilizi
ng the same idea, it is shown for ground states how the Schrodinger equatio
n can be derived from the basics of density-functional theory as well.