In this article, the Knott and Wildavsky stages of knowledge utilization ar
e considered separately and compared with the previous stage to find factor
s explaining why researchers are able to climb up the lander of knowledge u
tilization from the echelon of no transmission to transmission. then to cog
nition, reference. effort, influence, and application. The results suggest
that there are barriers to climbing and that these barriers are primarily l
ocated between the stage of no transmission and the stage of transmission.
These results carry theoretical and policy implications that are explored i
n the last part of the article.