Role of endothelium in shear stress-induced constrictions in rat middle cerebral artery

Background and Purpose-Luminal shear stress has been reported to constrict cerebral arteries and arterioles of several species. Although the endotheli um is not required for this response, it is not known whether the endotheli um enhances or attenuates shear stress-induced constrictions. Methods-Middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) were isolated from male Long-Evans rats, mounted in a tissue bath, and pressurized to 80 mm Hg in the absence of luminal flow. In some MCAs, the endothelium was selectively loaded with fura 2 for the measurement of endothelial Ca2+ concentration. Luminal shear stress was increased by adjusting luminal flow while maintaining a constan t intraluminal pressure. Results-After the development of spontaneous tone in MCAs without luminal f low, inside diameters were approximate to 190 mum. MCAs constricted approxi mate to 15% when luminal flow was increased to produce a shear stress of 50 dyne/cm(2). The shear stress-induced constrictions were more pronounced in vessels without intact endothelium, Scavenging reactive oxygen species wit h 4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzene disulfonic acid (Tiron) or superoxide dismutase /catalase significantly inhibited the shear stress-induced constrictions in vessels with intact endothelium and in vessels in which the endothelium ha d been removed. In intact vessels, endothelial Ca2+ increased 33 nmol/L (fr om 133 +/- 11 to 166 +/- 12 nmol/L) when shear stress was increased to 50 d yne/cm2. The presence of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), L-NAMEindomethacin, or L-NAME+indomethacin+charybdotoxin had no significant effec t on the sheer stress-induced constrictions in MCAs with intact endothelium . Conclusions-We conclude that the endothelium plays a role in attenuating th e shear stress-induced constrictions in rat MCAs. The attenuation does not appear to be by release of NO, prostacyclin, or endothelium-derived hyperpo larizing factor. The endothelium apparently attenuates the constriction by an unknown dilating factor, by a dilating process, or simply by attenuating the mechanical force of the shear stress as it is transmitted to the ablum inal side of the vessel.