Urban form and job access: Disparate realities in the Randstad

Deconcentration of employment is the driving force behind the rise of the c omplex urban forms of the polycentric city and the polynucleated metropolis . It is often assumed that the deconcentration process improves job access for average and highly skilled workers, allowing them to move to peripheral residential locations and triggering a new round of urban sprawl. It is al so hypothesised that access to suitable job opportunities is withheld from low-skilled workers living in inner-city neighbourhoods as a result of the deconcentration of low-skilled employment beyond their commuting tolerance. In this contribution we illustrate how network-oriented GIS provides an in strument to enable the evaluation of the job access of residential location s at varying levels of commuting tolerance and for various types of employm ent. Application of this instrument to the metropolitan area of the Randsta d shows that suburban locations in between major employment centres are cle arly superior for households with highly skilled workers, making urban spra wl towards residential locations outside the Randstad unlikely. It is also shown that for poorly skilled workers with limited commuting tolerance the central city is still the best place to live.