Bacteria exchange gents rarely but are promiscuous in the choice of their g
enetic partners. Inter-specific recombination has the advantage of increasi
ng genetic diversity and promoting dissemination of novel adaptations, but
suffers from the negative effect of importing potentially harmful alleles f
rom incompatible genomes. Bacterial species experience a degree of 'sexual
isolation from genetically divergent organisms - recombination occurs more
frequently within a species than between species. In this review, I outline
the sources and mechanisms of sexual isolation within the context of selec
tive pressures acting on different types of recombination events. (C) 2001
Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Sci
ence B.V. All rights reserved.