Cye. Wang et al., Payload maximization for open chained manipulators: Finding weightlifting motions for a Puma 762 robot, IEEE ROBOT, 17(2), 2001, pp. 218-224
Although the dynamic equations of motion of open-chained robot systems are
well known, they are seldom taken into account during the planning of motio
ns, In this work, we show that the dynamics of a robot can be used to produ
ce motions that extend the payload capability beyond the limit set by tradi
tional methods, In particular, we develop a point-to-point weightlifting mo
tion planner for open-chained robots. The governing optimal control problem
is converted into a direct, SQP parameter optimization in which the gradie
nt is determined analytically. The joint trajectories are defined by B-spli
ne polynomials along with a time-scale factor. The algorithm is applied to
a Puma 762 robot, with its physical limitations incorporated into the formu
lation, The torque limits are formulated as soft constraints added into the
objective function while the position and velocity limits are formulated a
s hard, linear inequality constraints, on the parameters. The solutions obt
ained with our algorithm extend the robot's payload capability while reduci
ng the joint torques. Interestingly, nearly all the trajectories found pass
through singular configurations, where large internal forces from the robo
t are applied to the payload and little torque is needed from the motors, A
video file of the resulting motions can be found at http://www.eng.uci.edu
/similar to chwang/project/puma762.html.