Autoregulation of cell-specific MAP kinase control of the tryptophan hydroxylase promoter

The neurotransmitter serotonin controls a wide range of biological systems, including its own synthesis and release. As the rate-limiting enzyme in se rotonin biosynthesis, tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) is a potential target fo r this autoregulation, Using the serotonergic neuron-like CA77 cell line, w e have demonstrated that treatment with a B-hydroxytryptamine autoreceptor agonist, CGS 12066A, can lower TPH mRNA levels and promoter activity. We re asoned that this repression might involve inhibition of MAP kinases, since 5-HT1 receptors can increase mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phospha tase levels. To test this hypothesis, we first showed that the TPH promoter can be activated 20-fold by mitogen-activated extracellular-signal regulat ed kinase kinase kinase (MEKK), an activator of MAP kinases. This activatio n was then blocked by CGS 12066A The maximal MAP kinase and CGS repression regulatory region was mapped to between -149 and -45 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site. The activation by MEKK appears to be cell-sp ecific, because MEKK did not activate the TPH promoter in nonneuronal cell lines. At least part, but not all, of the MAP kinase responsiveness was map ped to an inverted CCAAT box that binds the transcription factor NF-Y. Thes e data suggest a model for the autoregulation of serotonin biosynthesis by repression of MAP kinase stimulation of the TPH promoter.