Indigenous Chinese personality constructs - Is the five-factor model complete?

The universality and sufficiency of the five-factor model in the Chinese co ntext were investigated. In Study 1, analysis of the Revised NEO Personalit y Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and the Chinese Personality Assessment Inventory (CP AI) taken by Chinese students showed four joint factors similar to the doma ins of the NEO-PI-R. Two unique factors were obtained. The Interpersonal Re latedness factor was defined only by CPAI scales. The Openness domain, howe ver, was not represented in the CPAI scales. In Study 2, involving Chinese managers, the robustness of the Interpersonal Relatedness factor was demons trated. In Study 3, the six-factor model was confirmed with Hawaiian studen ts. Further analyses showed that the six-factor models were superior to the Five-factor models and that the Interpersonal Relatedness scales could not be consistently explained by a combination of the Big Five factors. Implic ations for the universality of the five-factor model and the cross-cultural relevance of the CPAI Interpersonal Relatedness factor are discussed.