Post-surgical ablation of thyroid residues with radioiodine in Ukrainian children and adolescents affected by post-Chernobyl differentiated thyroid cancer

Post-surgical ablation of thyroid residues with 131-iodine ((131)-I) Is usu ally recommended after near-total thyroidectomy in highrisk patients, inclu ding children, with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). We report here the results of post-surgical radioiodine thyroid ablation in 249 children and adolescents of Ukraine with post-Chernobyl DTC initially treated with near- total thyroidectomy at the Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism in Kie v, during a 2-year period. The patients' age at the time of the Chernobyl a ccident (1986), ranged from <1 to 14 yr in 223 subjects (children) and from 15 to 18 yr in 26 subjects (adolescents). Six weeks after surgery a diagno stic (131)-I whole body scan revealed the presence of residual thyroid tiss ue in all cases. All patients received one or more courses of radioiodine t herapy, for a total of 468 courses. One hundred and twenty-nine out of 249 patients (51.8%) were successfully ablated. The total number of treatment c ourses needed in these patients was 219. Most patients required multiple do ses of radioiodine, only 63 required a single dose. One hundred and twenty patients (48.2%) treated with radioiodine were not ablated and are still un der treatment program. The clinical features and the amount of thyroid resi due were not different in ablated or not-ablated patients. Our results indi cate that in this particular population of post-Chernobyl thyroid carcinoma s, thyroid ablation is a rather difficult task. Only 51.8% were successfull y ablated. Possible explanation for this finding may be the young age of th e patients, other particular features of post-Chernobyl thyroid carcinoma o r technical aspects, such as less radical surgical procedures. (J. Endocrin ol. Invest. 24: 445-447, 2001) (C) 2001, Editrice Kurtis.