Jj. Levin et al., FLAT SPOTS - TOPOLOGICAL SIGNATURES OF AN OPEN UNIVERSE IN COSMIC BACKGROUND EXPLORER SKY MAPS, Physical review letters, 79(6), 1997, pp. 974-977
We investigate the behavior of light rays in an open universe with a p
artly periodic horn topology. The geodesics can be solved exactly and
the periodic topology creates characteristic new effects in temperatur
e maps of the microwave background. Large flat regions appear in Cosmi
c Background Explorer sky maps even when multiple images of astronomic
al sources are unobservable.