T. Bohr et al., AVERAGING THEORY FOR THE STRUCTURE OF HYDRAULIC JUMPS AND SEPARATION IN LAMINAR FREE-SURFACE FLOWS, Physical review letters, 79(6), 1997, pp. 1038-1041
We present a simple viscous theory of free-surface flows in boundary l
ayers, which can accommodate regions of separated flow. In particular,
this yields the structure of stationary hydraulic jumps, both in thei
r circular and linear versions, as well as structures moving with a co
nstant speed. Finally, we show how the fundamental hydraulic concepts
of subcritical and supercritical flow, originating from inviscid theor
y, emerge at intermediate length scales in our model.