DELAYED BOTTLE WEANING AND IRON-DEFICIENCY IN SOUTHEAST-ASIAN TODDLERS

We undertook this study to determine if culturally influenced feeding practices are associated with iron deficiency in infants and toddlers from low-income families. We obtained a dietary survey, illness histor y, hematocrit, and zinc protoporphyrin-to-heme ratio (ZPP/H) from 35 S outheast Asian children and 73 children of other ethnicities between a ges 5 and 30 months. We confirmed iron deficiency by serum ferritin me asurement in children with ZPP/H>80 mmol/mol or evaluated them after a 3-month iron treatment. Sixty percent of the Southeast. Asian childre n had elevated ZPP/H ratios, compared with 14% of children of other et hnicities. Follow-up studies confirmed iron deficiency in 12 of 21 Sou theast Asian children with elevated ZPP/H; 75% (eight) of those with c onfirmed iron deficiency were 24 to 30 months of age. We found that to ddler feeding practices differ between Southeast Asians and other ethn ic groups. All 17 Southeast Asian toddlers were still bottle fed at th eir second birthday, compared with 10 of 21 same-age children of other ethnicities. Persistence of bottle feeding after 2 years of age was h ighly associated with elevation of ZPP/H in Southeast Asian children b ut not in other children. Clinicians need to be aware of this problem and carefully monitor iron status in children not weaned from the baby bottle by age 2 years. Changes in education practices and policies ar e needed to prevent iron deficiency from the overintake of cow's milk that results from prolonged bottle feedings in this ethnic group.