Can media advocacy influence newspaper coverage of tobacco: measuring the effectiveness of the American stop smoking intervention study's (ASSIST) media advocacy strategies

Objective-To compare the rate and slant of local tobacco control print medi a coverage in ASSIST (American stop smoking intervention study) states as c ompared with non-ASSIST states. Methods-Local tobacco control policy articles, editorials, and letters to t he editors published from 1994 to 1998 clipped from all daily local newspap ers in the USA were analysed (n = 95 911). The main hypothesis tested for t he existence of an interaction between ASSIST intervention and time. This i nteraction would represent a change in the difference between ASSIST and no n-ASSIST states over the course of the intervention. Results-No evidence of an ASSIST-year interaction was found. However, a mai n effect for ASSIST was significant for the percentage of articles with the model predicting higher rates of articles for ASSIST states. Similarly the rate of letters to the editor expressing protobacco control views was high er in ASSIST states than non-ASSIST states. No main effects or interactions were found for analyses of percentage of protobacco control editorials. Mo dels controlled for a measure of preintervention tobacco control conditions at baseline. Conclusions-The presence of an ASSIST main effect should be interpreted wit h caution because of the quasi-experimental design and the lack of informat ion on article rates before the ASSIST intervention. Nonetheless, these pre liminary findings suggest some possible effects of the media advocacy activ ities of ASSIST when controlling for differences in states' initial tobacco control conditions.