Soybean response to water: A QTL analysis of drought tolerance

Soybean [Glycine mat (L.) Merr.] yield, when regressed on water needed to r eplenish 0 to 100% seasonal evapotranspiration (ET), generates an estimate of season-specific water-use efficiency (WUE). The impact of unpredictable water deficits might be lessened if high-yielding genotypes had a smaller b eta. Our objective was to determine the genetic basis of beta and carbon is otope discrimination (CID), a theorized indicator of transpiration efficien cy (TE). A 'Minsoy' x 'Noir 1' population of 236 recombinant inbred lines ( Rns), genotyped at 665 loci, was evaluated in six water treatments (100, 80 , 60, 40, 20, and 0% ET) for 2 Jr. Water stress was mild in 1994, but high temperatures and no rainfall in 1995 led to a drought so severe that the 10 0% ET treatment required 41 cm of irrigation. The 1995 yield-to-water regre ssion was highly linear (28 kg ha(-1) cm(-1)). Genotype x water (G x W) int eraction was due to genotypic heterogeneity in beta. The CID vs. beta corre lation was low (r = 0.26), so selection for better leaf TE may not improve crop WUE. Selection of low beta (less sensitivity to drought) will be diffi cult, given the yield beta vs. yield correlation (r = 0.71). The major quan titative trait loci (QTL) for yield beta, yield, and CID were coincident wi th maturity and/or determinancy QTLs, except for a CID QTL in linkage group U09-C2, but it had no effect on beta. Genetic improvement of soybean yield performance under drought would be better achieved by coupling a high-yiel d grand mean with a high- (not low-) yield beta.