Nutrition in inflammatory bowel disease: impact on disease and therapy

Nutritional derangements are frequent in inflammatory bowel disease. In the last year, significant work was published examining the mechanisms of impa ired food intake in animal models of inflammatory bowel disease, which allo w a better understanding of these processes. These data have shed new light on the relative role of underfeeding and inflammation on the growth retard ation associated with intestinal inflammation. Other studies have provided further information on the risk factors and predictive biomarkers of bone l oss in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The potential role of ente ral nutrition as primary therapy for Crohn disease is particularly addresse d in the present review. Recent contributions emphasized the special import ance of this therapeutic modality in pediatric patients, but the possible m echanisms for such therapeutic effect are still not well understood. Other nutrients may have a therapeutic potential in inflammatory bowel disease. I n particular, recent data on the in vivo antiinflammatory action of butyrat e merit special mention. Finally, novel nutritional therapeutic strategies for inflammatory bowel disease, such as transforming growth factor-beta2-en riched enteral feeding or hydrothermally processed cereals, have recently b een explored.