Dermoscopy as a second step in the diagnosis of doubtful pigmented skin lesions: How great is the risk of missing a melanoma?

Background Little is known about the occurrence of false negatives in the d iagnosis of melanoma using dermoscopy in clinical practice: in the literatu re dermoscopy only increased the accuracy of diagnosis of equivocal lesions that were to undergo biopsy anyway. Aim and methods We collected the 81 lesions clinically diagnosed as probabl e melanomas by experienced specialists (from a series of 256 pigmented skin lesions submitted to excisional biopsy) and reviewed them for possible fal se negative results in the diagnosis of melanoma using in vivo dermoscopy a nd dermoscopy performed on slide images. Both procedures were carried out b y the same experienced dermatologists who classified the lesions clinically . Results Dermoscopy made on slide images (observers blinded for clinical fea tures of the lesions) yielded three false negative results (91% sensitivity ) in a group of 35 histologically confirmed melanomas. In vivo dermoscopy s howed better results, with no melanomas missed (100% sensitivity). The freq uency of false positive results in the diagnosis of melanoma was 13.5% (11 of 81) with dermoscopy on slide images and 2.5% (two of 81) with in vivo de rmoscopy. Conclusions Only in vivo dermoscopy by fully trained dermatologists with bo th clinical and dermoscopic experience avoids the risk of misclassification of melanomas otherwise correctly classified on clinical grounds.