We characterize C*-algebras as those complete normed associative complex al
gebras having approximate units bounded by one and whose open unit balls ar
e bounded symmetric domains. Such a characterization follows from the more
general fact, also proved in the paper, that non-commutative JB*-algebras c
oincide with complete normed (possibly non-associative) complex algebras ha
ving approximate units bounded by one and whose open unit balls are bounded
symmetric domains.