Cytoplasmic recruitment of INI1 and PML on incoming HIV preintegration complexes: Interference with early steps of viral replication

During the early phase of the retroviral life cycle, only a fraction of int ernalized virions end up integrating their genome into the chromosome, even though the resulting proviruses are almost systematically expressed. Here, we reveal that incoming retroviral preintegration complexes trigger the ex portin-mediated cytoplasmic export of the SWI/SNF component INI1 and of the nuclear body constituent PML. We further show that the HIV genome associat es with these proteins before nuclear migration. In the presence of arsenic , PML is sequestered in the nucleus, and the efficiency of HIV-mediated tra nsduction is markedly increased. These results unveil a so far unsuspected cellular response that interferes with the early steps of HIV replication.