Our state-of-the-art calculations for ionic and neutral oxygen species, bot
h molecular: and atomic, in amorphous silicon dioxide show the amorphous na
ture of the oxide changes significantly the energetics of defect processes
like charge state change, incorporation into the oxide network, and splitup
of the molecule. These changes imply a new picture of silicon oxidation in
the ultrathin film regime that explains anomalies like layer-by-layer grow
th at terraces, roughness oscillations, the distribution of oxygen isotope
incorporation, the effects of excitation, and deviations from Deal-Grove ki
netics. Our results suggest possible alternative routes to improve oxide qu
ality.