A genetic linkage map of European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) based on RAPD, ISSR and isozyme markers

A genetic linkage map of European chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) based on RAPD, ISSR and isozyme markers was constructed using the two-way pseudo-te stcross strategy. A total of 96 individuals from a F-1 full-sib family was genotyped with 381 molecular markers (311 RAPDs, 65 ISSRs, 5 isozymes). Mar kers in testcross configuration, segregating 1:1, were used to establish tw o separate maternal and paternal maps including 187 and 148 markers, respec tively. The markers identified 12 linkage groups based on the haploid numbe r of chestnut. The female and male framework maps reached a total length of 720 and 721 cM (Kosambi), respectively, representing a 76% and 68% coverag e of the overall genome. A total of 46 markers, found in intercross configu ration, segregating 3:1 and 1:2:1, were used to identify homologous linkage groups between parental maps; out of 12 linkage groups 11 could be joined. RAPD and ISSR markers showed a good and comparable reliability, allowing f or the first time the establishment of a saturated linkage map for European chestnut. These maps will be a starting point for studies on the structure , evolution and function of the chestnut genome. Identification of QTLs for adaptive traits in chestnut will be the primary target.