Clara cell secretory protein-expressing cells of the airway neuroepithelial body microenvironment include a label-retaining subset and are critical for epithelial renewal after progenitor cell depletion

Stem cells with potential to contribute to the re-establishment of the norm al bronchiolar epithelium have not been definitively demonstrated, We previ ously established that neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs) sequester regenerative cells that contribute to bronchiolar regeneration after selective chemical depletion of Clara cells, a major progenitor cell population. Two candidat e stem cells were identified on the basis of proliferative potential after chemical ablation: a pollutant-resistant subpopulation of Clara cells that retain their expression of Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP) (variant CCS P-expressing [CE] cells or vCE cells) and calcitonin gene-related peptide ( CGRP)-expressing pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs). In the present stu dy, two populations of label-retaining cells were identified within the NEB : CGRP-expressing cells and a subpopulation of CE cells. To investigate con tributions made by CE and CGRP-expressing cells to epithelial renewal, CE c ells were ablated through acute administration of ganciclovir to transgenic mice expressing herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase under the regulatory control of the mouse CCSP promoter. CGRP-immunoreactive PNECs proliferated after depletion of CE cells, yet were unable to repopulate CE cell-deplete d airways, These results support the notion that vCE cells represent either an airway stem cell or are critical for stem cell maintenance, and suggest that PNECs are not sufficient for epithelial renewal.