The concept that hormonal therapy may be useful in the treatment of endomet
rial cancer antedated the pharmaceutical availability of progestational com
pounds. By 1959, initial studies demonstrated the ability of progestins to
reverse endometrial hyperplasias. Thereafter, progestins and other hormonal
agents have been used in various roles as treatment for endometrial cancer
s. This chapter reviews the use of hormonal agents for the treatment of pri
mary and metastatic/recurrent endometrial cancer, as well as such treatment
in an adjuvant setting. Major problems in enhancing the efficacy of endocr
ine therapy of cancers arising from hormonally responsive tissues are also
considered. The regulations of steroid-hormone receptor expression in endom
etrial and breast cancers continues to be an active area of research intere
st.