Beta-cell replacement either by pancreatic organ or islet cell transplantat
ion is the only treatment to achieve an insulin-independent, normoglycemic
state and to avoid hypoglycemic episodes in patients with type 1 diabetes m
ellitus, This article will review the state-of-the-art in clinical islet ce
ll personal experience. transplantation at the dawn of the new millenium an
d will provide an outlook on the basis of extended personal experience.