Background-Intestinal metaplasia is considered a risk factor for the develo
pment of gastric adenocarcinomas of the intestinal type and is found in app
roximately 20% of gastric biopsies. Conventional histology only detects adv
anced stages of intestinal metaplasia.
Aims-To study expression of the enterocyte specific adhesion molecule liver
-intestinal (LI)-cadherin in intestinal metaplasia as well as in gastric ca
ncer, and to evaluate its use as a diagnostic marker molecule.
Patients-Gastric biopsies (n=77) from 30 consecutive patients (n=30; aged 2
8-90 years) as well as surgically resected tissue samples (n=24) of all typ
es of gastric carcinomas were analysed.
Methods-Single and double label immunofluorescence detection on cryosection
s of gastric biopsies; alkaline phosphatase antialkaline phosphatase method
on paraffin embedded carcinoma tissue sections.
Results-Of 77 biopsies (from 30 patients), 12 (from 10 patients) stained po
sitive for LI-cadherin. LI-cadherin staining correlated with the presence o
f intestinal metaplasia. Conventional histological diagnosis however failed
to detect subtle gastric intestinal metaplasia (three of 10 patients). In
contrast, only LI-cadherin and villin were positive in these cases whereas
sucrase-isomaltase also failed to detect intestinal metaplasia in four of 1
0 patients. Well differentiated gastric carcinomas showed intense staining
for LI-cadherin while undifferentiated carcinomas showed only weak diffuse
cytoplasmic staining.
Conclusions-To detect early metaplastic changes in the gastric mucosa, LI-c
adherin has a sensitivity superior to sucrase-isomaltase and conventional h
istology and comparable with that of villin. Its specificity exceeds that o
f villin. Thus LI-cadherin represents a new, reliable, and powerful marker
molecule for early detection of gastric intestinal metaplasia and well diff
erentiated adenocarcinomas.