Complex FEM modal solver of optical waveguides with PML boundary conditions

A full-wave modal analysis of two-dimensional, lossy and anisotropic optica l waveguides using the finite element method (FEM) is presented. In order t o describe the behavior of radiating fields, anisotropic perfectly matched layer boundary conditions are applied for the first time in modal solvers. The approach has been implemented using high order edge elements. The resul ting sparse eigenvalue algebraic problem is solved through the Arnoldi meth od. Application to an antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide is reported .