Posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome in poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis

Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome is an increasingly recogn ized brain disorder most commonly associated with hypertension, toxemia of pregnancy, or the use of immunosuppressive agents. Its clinical features in clude headache, decreased alertness, mental abnormalities, such as confusio n, diminished spontaneity of speech, changed behavior ranging from drowsine ss to stupor, seizures, vomiting, and abnormalities of visual perception li ke cortical blindness. Magnetic resonance imaging shows edematous lesions p rimarily involving the posterior supratentorial white matter and corticomed ullary junction. We describe a 7-year-old uremic girl who developed neurolo gical symptoms of posterior leukoencephalophaty syndrome during the course of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Since the symptoms first app eared 24 h after a hypertensive crisis and the patient was uremic at the ti me of symptoms, we decided to report this patient to discuss the differenti al diagnosis of neurological symptoms developing during the course of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis.