An array of microlenses, with focal lengths that can be electrically varied
, can control the coupling of light into a single mode fiber using an appli
ed voltage. We have examined this technology with a view to the design of a
confocal microlens/image-fiber endoscope. Maximum coupling to the fiber wa
s found to occur over a voltage range of similar to1 V and over an axial ra
nge of 1 cm. Contrast ratios between minimum and maximum coupling of up to
30 dB were demonstrated. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics.