Sm. Yi et al., Dry deposition fluxes and size distributions of heavy metals in Seoul, Korea during yellow-sand events, AEROS SCI T, 35(1), 2001, pp. 569-576
Mass and elemental dry deposition fluxes and ambient particle size distribu
tions were measured using dry deposition plates and a cascade impactor from
March to November 1998 in Seoul, Korea. During the spring sampling period
several yellow-sand events characterized by long-range transport from China
and Mongolia impacted the area. During these events the mass fluxes were s
tatistically the same as during springtime nonyellow-sand events. However,
most elemental fluxes were higher. In general, the flux ratios of both crus
tal (Al, Ca, Mn) and anthropogenic (Ni, Pb) elements to total mass measured
during the daytime yellow-sand events were substantially higher than those
measured in spring daytime during nonyellow-sand time periods. During all
seasons the average measured daytime fluxes were about two times higher tha
n nighttime fluxes. The flux of primarily anthropogenic metals (Cu, Ni, Pb,
Zn) and Mn was on average one to two orders of magnitude lower than the fl
ux of the crustal metals Al and Ca. As is typically found, two modes, fine
(0.1 similar to 1.0 mum) and coarse (1.0 similar to 10.0 mum) were present
in the measured size distributions (< 10 <mu>m). The particles in the coars
e mode constitute a major portion of the measured mass size distribution du
ring the yellow-sand events, possibly due to the long-range transport of th
ose particles from China.