Are changes in food consumption patterns associated with lower biochemicalzinc status among women from Dunedin, New Zealand?

Reductions in red meat and increases in cereals in the diet may compromise the intake and bioavailability of Zn. In this cross-sectional study of 330 premenopausal New Zealand women aged 18-40 years, we have assessed the inte r-relationships among dietary intakes (via computer-administered food-frequ ency questionnaire), biochemical Zn status, and anthropometric indices, and compared our results with earlier data. Fasting serum (12.00 (sd 1.36) mu mol/l) and hair Zn (2.71 (sd 0.36) mu mol/g) were lower than those for youn g Dunedin, New Zealand, women in 1973 (non-fasting serum Zn 18.6 (sd 4.6) m u mol/l, hair Zn 2.99 (sd 0.35) mu mol/g). Further, our mean serum Zn was a t the 25th percentile of the US National Health and Nutrition Examination S urvey (NHANES) (1976-1980) reference sample for women aged 20-44 years. Mea t-poultry-fish contributed only 28 % total Zn in the present study, a level comparable with that from cereals-nuts-legumes (27 %), compared to about 4 0 % in 1989. Significant negative correlations existed between serum Zn and dietary [phytate]:[Zn] molar ratios (r -0.163, P <0.01); 35 % had diets wi th [phytate]:[Zn] > 15, a level said to compromise Zn status. Mean serum Zn of a subgroup of non-oral contraceptive users free of infection was higher in the red-meat eaters (n 149) compared with non-red-meat eaters (n 48) (1 2.2 v. 11.8 mu mol/g, P <0.05). In contrast, serum Zn was lower in those wi th dietary [phytate]:[Zn] ratios > 15 v. < 15 (i.e. 11.9 v. 12.3 mu mol/l, P=0.04). We postulate that the lower biochemical Zn status of these New Zea land women may be associated in part with changes in food selection pattern s, which have led to a reduction in the bioavailability of dietary Zn.