A new approach to analysing the windup phenomenon and antiwindup protection

The paper provides the analytical relation between the limited and unlimite d system response in the time domain under or without the presence of antiw indup protection for the general state-space controller. It is shown that, by using this analytical relation, it is possible to explain simply why the extent of windup (large overshoot and long settling time) crucially depend s on the difference between the limited and unlimited process time response during which the system is saturated. The same relation also explains why some controllers experience a strong and others a weaker windup phenomenon and why a suitable antiwindup compensator can reduce the windup effect.