Relationship between seminal white blood cell counts and oxidative stress in men treated at an infertility clinic

In semen, granulocytes are major producers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) , which can damage sperm. The diagnosis of leukocytospermia is usually base d on the World Health Organization (WHO) definition of 1 x 10(6) white bloo d cells per milliliter, but controversy remains over the minimum leukocyte level that impairs fertility. The goals of this study were to clarify the r elationship between leukocyte count and oxidative stress and to establish t he minimum leukocyte count associated with oxidative stress, To do so, we c ompared oxidative stress in semen samples with different leukocyte counts ( by the Endtz test) after a simple wash-and-resuspend procedure and determin ed the correlation between leukocyte counts and oxidative stress (expressed as ROS-TAC score, a composite score calculated from ROS levels and total a ntioxidant capacity (TAC), both measured with chemiluminescence assays). RO S-TAC decreases as oxidative stress rises. We compared specimens from 271 m en attending an infertility clinic and 28 healthy controls. About 9% of pat ients had WHO-defined leukocytospermia and an additional 16% had some leuko cytes. Samples with no seminal leukocytes had significantly lower ROS level s and significantly higher ROS-TAC scores than samples with any seminal leu kocytes, even very low levels. Oxidative stress was correlated with rising white blood cell (WBC) count Ir =.39; P < .001). Receiver operating charact eristics curves showed that ROSTAC score would be fairly accurate at distin guishing between patients with any leukocytes and those with no leukocytes (area under the curve, 75%). In conclusion. oxidative stress occurs even in patients with very low seminal WBC counts (between 0 and 1 x 10(6)/mL) and rises with an increase in WBC count, Therefore, we are unable to determine a safe minimum WBC count; the presence of any WBCs is associated with oxid ative stress and may therefore impair fertility. Complete removal of WBCs f rom semen samples used for assisted reproduction may help reduce oxidative stress.