Benchmark study on high performing carbon anode materials

Four state-of-the-art carbon graphite morphologies, beads, fibers, flakes a nd potatoes have been benchmarked with respect to materials properties and electrochemical performance. All four anode materials exhibit various degre e of graphitization and performance. Fibers have a higher degree of turbost atic structure. Flakes consist of a binary phase mix. Potatoes and beads ha ve reached an intermediate degree of crystallinity. Although graphite flake s still show the highest performance in early cycles, new materials challen ge not only in-cell capacity, but also rate capability and cyclability. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.