A tomographic method for verification of the integrity of spent nuclear fuel assemblies - I: Simulation studies

A tomographic method for experimental investigation of the integrity of use d light water reactor fuel assemblies has been developed. It is based on sp ectroscopic measurements of the gamma radiation from fission products in fu el rods. The method utilizes beforehand information about the nominal geome try of both the measured fuel assembly and the measurement equipment. A rec onstruction code of the algebraic type has been written. The potential of the technique has been examined in extensive simulations, assuming a gamma-ray energy of either 662 keV (Cs-137) Or 1274 keV(Eu-154). The ability of detecting various configurations of manipulated rods, both single and in groups, has been investigated. Two main types of manipulation s have been simulated. First, there is the removal of rods without replacement. The results indica te that all investigated configurations of removed rods in boiling water re actor (BWR) fuel can be reliably detected using Cs-137 radiation. For press urized water reactor (PWR) fuel, the same result is obtained, with the exce ption of the most central positions. Here, the more penetrating radiation f rom Eu-154 may have to be used. Second, there is the replacement of rods with fresh fuel or fuel-like mater ial. The results clearly indicate that all simulated cases of such manipula tion can be most confidently detected. The simulations include various conf igurations of replaced rods in both BWR and PWR fuel, using both gamma-ray energies.