What is the stabilizing interaction with nucleophilic solvents in the transition state for solvolysis of tertiary derivatives: Nucleophilic solvent participation or nucleophilic solvation?

[GRAPHICS] We propose that controversy concerning the mechanism for solvolysis at tert iary carbon is semantic and can be avoided by making a clear distinction be tween (1) nucleophilic solvent participation, which is stabilization of the transition state for concerted solvolysis by formation of a partial covale nt bond to the solvent nucleophile, and (2) nucleophilic solvation, which i s stabilization of the transition state for stepwise solvolysis through car bocation or ion pair intermediates by charge-dipole interactions with nucle ophilic solvents,