On production of long-term mean zonal current and eddy momentum and heat transports in atmosphere

The mean zonal velocity in the atmosphere is taken as being created continu ally by the global scale Hadley circulation produced by the differential so lar heating through the balance between the Coriolis effect and vertical di ffusion, and not by conservation of absolute momentum. Hence a proper deter mination of the diffusion coefficient becomes the key to the solution of th e zonal flow problem. In this study we take the Row field as composed of a primary global scale Hadley circulation, and a secondary flow created by th e convergences of the eddy transports of heat and momentum and surface fric tion, which give rise to the classical three cell structure of the meridion al circulation but which only modifies the zonal velocity distribution slig htly. Finally, we use the equilibrium solution of the perturbation potential vort icity equation to obtain the eddy transports of momentum and heat, with the zonal velocity given by the primary Hadley flow as the basic flow, and we found that they are close to the statistically observed values, demonstrati ng that the system can maintain itself.