MENTORING PHASES AND OUTCOMES

As a relationship, mentorship is theorized to evolve through several s tages over time (Kram, 1985). Results from 178 proteges supported Kram 's sequence of four mentoring phases: Initiation, Cultivation, Separat ion, and Redefinition. In addition, proteges in the Initiation phase r eported lower levels of mentoring functions than other proteges; howev er, no significant differences across these phases were found for a va riety of job/career outcomes. Data from 82 current proteges and 69 for mer proteges were compared with those from 93 individuals who reported never having a mentor. The three groups were compared on career outco mes, job satisfaction, organizational socialization, and income measur es across a 5-year period. Results showed consistent differences betwe en mentored and nonmentored individuals. (C) 1997 Academic Press.