An update on inflammatory disorders of the pediatric airway: Epiglottitis,croup, and tracheitis

Acute infections of the respiratory tract are common in pediatric patients. Respiratory disease is the leading cause of hospitalization in children le ss than 4 years of age and is responsible for many physicians' office and e mergency department visits.' The severity of upper respiratory tract infect ion ranges from mild, self-limited disease to potentially life-threatening airway obstruction. The prepared clinician can often make a diagnosis based solely on the history and physical examination, using radiographs and labo ratory examinations to aid in diagnosis when the clinical picture is unclea r. At times, airway collapse is imminent, and the clinician must proceed di rectly to endoscopy for definitive diagnosis and airway protection. This ar ticle will discuss the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and management of epiglottitis, croup, and bacterial tracheitis in the pediatric populatio n.