Potential physical methods for the control of biofouling in water systems

Biofouling is generally controlled by the use of additive chemicals, but th e cost of using environmentally acceptable additives is rising. Consequentl y there is an interest in alternative methods that do not rely on the use o f chemicals. Studies of the different techniques have been made including t he use of ultrasound, tube inserts and the circulation of polymer fibres. T he results of all three methods of control show considerable promise but fu rther development work is required to optimize the variables and demonstrat e cost effectiveness.