Effects of flow velocity and paving material, on nitrogen transformations,in shallow open channels

A study was conducted to investigate the effects of the now velocity and th e paving material on the nitrogen conversion rates in shallow open channels . Equal amounts of hollow holed and plain balls, all with a 3.5-cm diameter , was fastened to the channel bottom Then the nitrogen conversion rates wer e taken at various velocities and compared. The inner and outer surfaces of the holed ball channel were about 15 times than of the plain ball channel, but the attached biofilm mass was found to be about 3.55 times greater. The optimal nitrogen conversion rates were found to be higher in the holed bal l channel. A suitable velocity was determined which would enhance the optim al nitrogen conversion rates. The choice of velocity and the biofilm carrie r to enhance or predict the nitrogen transformations in shallow channels, s hould be considered in model development.