The aim of this study was to assess the clinical spectrum of immunorestitut
ion disease (IRD) in hospitalized patients over a 12-month period. In nine
of 18 patients who presented with clinical deterioration during reduction o
r cessation of immunosuppressants (n = 6) or bone marrow engraftment (n = 3
), IRD cases included the following infections: scabies infestation (n = 1)
; gastric strongyloidiasis (n = 1); hepatosplenic candidiasis (n = 1); meth
icillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus abscess formation (n = 2); polyomav
irus-related hemorrhagic cystitis (n = 3); and influenza A pneumonitis (n =
1). Immunopathological damage during withdrawal of immunosuppression is an
incidental way to uncover an asymptomatic infectious disease. Serial monit
oring of hematological and clinical profiles is essential in making a diagn
osis of IRD.