Deep geospheres and ore genesis

This paper addresses the problems of ore metal mobilization and concentrati on and mobilization component behavior in the Earth's mantle. Diamond cryst allization and the formation of chromitite bodies upon interstitial melt in filtration in mantle rocks are examples of mineralization processes occurri ng in the Earth's mantle. Depending on the formation conditions, mantle mag mas can be intrinsically enriched in various ore components (PGE, chromium, and rare metals). Their further concentration occurs in crustal magma cham bers as a result of the processes of magma mixing, prolonged crystal fracti onation, and the separation of immiscible salt melts (mainly carbonatitic) at late stages of the magma system evolution. In subduction zone regions, a scending flows of deep-derived fluids selectively transport a number of ore metals into the growing continental crust and prepare continental crust ma terial as a source of the material of ore deposits. It is possible that som e of these fluids took part in the formation of certain deposits. In hydrot hermal ore-forming systems with non-magmatic sources of metals and solution s, the source of heat energy was most likely represented by magma masses in truded into the upper crust.