Topographic controls on the chemistry of subsurface stormflow

Models are needed that describe how topography and other watershed characte ristics affect the chemical composition of runoff waters, yet little spatia lly distributed data exist to develop such models. A topographically driven flushing mechanism for nitrate (NO3-) and dissolved organic carbon has bee n described in recent literature; however, this mechanism has not yet been thoroughly tested. A 24 ha catchment in the Catskill Mountains of New York was clearcut in the winter of 1996-97, resulting in elevated NO3- concentra tions in soil water, groundwater and streamflow. We sampled shallow subsurf ace stormflow (SSSF) and streamflow six times during the spring and summer of 1998, 1 year after the harvest. We used a spatially distributed network of piezometers to investigate the relationship between topography and SSSF chemistry. Several indices of topography were computed, including the commo nly employed topographic index of Beven and Kirkby (1979; Hydrological Scie nces Bulletin 24: 43-69). Topographic index was positively correlated with NO3- concentrations in SSSF. The strength of the NO3--topography relationsh ip was best explained by antecedent soil temperature and antecedent precipi tation conditions. Results suggest a topographically driven flushing of hig h NO3- shallow soil at the site during storm events. Copyright (C) 2001 Joh n Wiley & Sons, Ltd.