Upconverted, green emission from the S-5(2) level of Ho3+ ion in two oxides
, YAG and YAP, and two fluorides, YLF and ZBLAN, was observed at room tempe
rature under cw 580-590 nm excitation. Under these excitation wavelengths,
which are off resonance with any ground state absorption, characteristic fe
atures of photon avalanche process are observed. A time-dependent rate equa
tion model was employed to describe this behavior using experimentally dete
rmined parameters. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.